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UID:www.bayceer.uni-bayreuth.de-bayceer-t134915id
DTSTAMP:20260405T113501Z
DESCRIPTION:The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) increased from 270 to 32
 4 ppb (i.e. 20 %) since preindustrial times. Owing to the spatial and temp
 oral variability of N2O emissions\, global emission estimates are afflicte
 d with a high uncertainty. The biggest natural source of N2O are soils (3.
 3 -9.0 Tg N yr-1)\, then followed by the oceans (1.8 – 9.4 Tg N yr-1). Des
 pite it is known for several years that also plants (Smart and Bloom\, 200
 1\;Hakata et al.\, 2003) and cryptogamic covers (Lenhart et al.\, 2015) em
 it N2O\, vegetation has not yet been considered as a source of N2O in the 
 global budget (EPA\, 2010\; IPCC\, 2013). \nWith simultaneous measurements
  of N2O and CO2 fluxes on sterile and non-sterile plants we show that plan
 ts are a considerable source of N2O. As shown for lichens and mosses (Lenh
 art et al.\, 2015)\, N2O emissions were related to respiration rates over 
 a broad range of environmental conditions (Lenhart et al.\, 2015). A robus
 t coupling of N2O emission rates to respiration allows the global estimati
 on of plant-derived N2O emissions based on respiration data.\nWe determine
 d N2O and CO2 emission rates from several plant species and investigated t
 he effects of temperature\, N availability\, light\, and injury on N2O emi
 ssion rates. Mixing ratios of CO2 and N2O were measured in a closed chambe
 r system via GC analysis and an Off-axis ICOS laser-based gas analyzer for
  N2O mixing ratio\, site-specific δ15N and 18O. In real time resolution we
  observed large changes in the isotopic signatures which might be indicati
 ve for the processes involved in plant derived N2O formation.\nOur measure
 ments showed - analogous to the findings for cryptogamic species - a robus
 t relationship between N2O emissions and respiration. Based on this ratio\
 , we estimated the contribution of plant-derived N2O emissions to the N2O 
 emissions of a grassland ecosystem and to the global N2O budget.\n \nRefer
 encesEPA\, U. S. E. P. A.: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Natura
 l Sources 2010.Hakata\, M.\, Takahashi\, M.\, Zumft\, W.\, Sakamoto\, A.\,
  and Morikawa\, H.: Conversion of the Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrogen Dioxid
 e to Nitrous Oxides in Plants\, Acta Biotechnologica\, 23\, 249-257\, 10.1
 002/abio.200390032\, 2003.IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science 
 Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of t
 he Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\, Cambridge\, United Kingdom 
 and New York\, NY\, USA\,\, 1535\, 2013.Lenhart\, K.\, Weber\, B.\, Elbert
 \, W.\, Steinkamp\, J.\, Clough\, T.\, Crutzen\, P.\, Pöschl\, U.\, and Ke
 ppler\, F.: Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from cryptogamic covers\, 
 Global Change Biology\, n/a-n/a\, 10.1111/gcb.12995\, 2015.Smart\, D. R.\,
  and Bloom\, A. J.: Wheat leaves emit nitrous oxide during nitrate assimil
 ation\, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\, 98\, 7875-7878\,
  10.1073/pnas.131572798\, 2001.\n \n***invited by Gerhard Gebauer\, Isotop
 e Biogeochemistry
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20161110T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20161110T133000
LOCATION:H6\, GEO
SUMMARY:Dr. Katharina Lenhart\, Institute for Plant Ecology\, Justus-Liebig
  Universität Gießen (Homepage): Investigating N2O emissions from plants by
  using high resolution  measurements of N2O mixing ratio and isotope signa
 tures
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