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DTSTAMP:20260609T172642Z
DESCRIPTION:Eingeladen durch Dr. Camilla Wellstein\, Biogeography. Organic 
 as well as mineral fertilizers were used for centuries to improve quantity
  and quality of forage produced on permanent grassland. In many regions\, 
 application of organic fertilizers on farm land resulted in creation or in
  enlargement of oligotrophic plant communities highly valuated by nature c
 onservation today. Industrial production of synthetic fertilizers started 
 in the middle of the 19th century and since that time\, long-term fertiliz
 er experiments were established. Ten grassland experiments at least 40 yea
 rs old are still running in Austria\, Czech Republic\, Germany\, Great Bri
 tain\, Poland and Slovakia. Our findings demonstrate that short and long-t
 erm effects of fertilizer application on plant species composition differ 
 substantially. In contrast\, short-term experiments cannot to be used to p
 redict long-term effects. On oligotrophic soils\, highly productive specie
 s supported by short-term N fertilizer application can completely disappea
 r under long-term N application whilst other nutrients such as P become li
 miting. Under P limiting conditions\, species characteristic for low produ
 ctive grasslands (sedges\, short grasses and some orchids) can survive eve
 n under long-term N application. It is more likely that enhanced P soil co
 ntent causes species loss than N enrichment. Residual effect of fertilizer
  application differs substantially among individual types of grassland and
  nutrients applied. Decades long after-effects of Ca and P application wer
 e revealed in alpine grasslands under extreme soil and weather conditions 
 decelerating mineralization of organic matter. In extreme cases\, resilien
 ce of the plant community after long-term fertilizer application can take 
 more than several decades. Changes in plant species composition may even b
 e irreversible. At lower altitudes with less extreme soil and climatic con
 ditions\, residual effect of fertilizer application is generally substanti
 ally shorter. From the comparison of long-term vs short-term nutritional e
 ffects\, it was concluded that long-term fertilizer experiments are irrepl
 aceable as many existing models and predictions can be validated only by m
 eans of long-term manipulation of plant communities and their continuous o
 bservation and documentation. In conclusion\, I will give examples of how 
 to apply forward-looking grassland research on existing long-term experime
 nts and explain the extraordinary value that is provided by plant-soil-env
 ironment equilibrium. 
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20100722T161500
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20100722T174500
LOCATION:H6
SUMMARY:Dr. Michal Hejcman\, University of Kamýcká\, Dept. of Ecology\, Cze
 ch Republic: Ecosystem response to fertilizer application in grasslands: w
 hat can tell us long-term experiments?
TRANSP:TRANSPARENT
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