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DESCRIPTION: \nInvited by Pedro Gerstberger -----\nMaize silage is a major 
 source of energy for dairy cattle in the northern USA\, and crop residues 
 remaining after maize grain harvest is viewed as a promising\, low-cost ra
 w material for cellulosic ethanol production.  However\, removal of essent
 ially all plant residue for either of these purposes results in excessive 
 erosive soil and humus loss (Gallagher et al.\, 1996)\, prompting the need
  for alternative soil conserving production systems.  Furthermore\, the ev
 er-increasing cost of nitrogen fertilizer encourages the search for croppi
 ng systems that rely on biologically fixed nitrogen.  Legume living mulche
 s have been tested in the northern USA as a means to meet nitrogen require
 ments of maize (Eberlein et al.\, 1992\; Hartwig & Ammon\, 2002)\, but per
 ennial legumes evaluated reduced maize yields or failed to recover after m
 aize harvest.  Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) seems to be ideally suited
  to serve as living mulch in northern latitudes.  It is extremely persiste
 nt through frigid winters and produces rhizomes that allow it to fill in g
 aps that may otherwise be invaded by weeds (Albrecht & Kim\, 1998).\nOur r
 esearch (Zemenchik et al.\, 2000\; Affeldt et al.\, 2004) has demonstrated
  that with adequate suppression\, kura clover can be managed to provide mi
 nimal competition to maize and that this system results in reduced soil er
 osion (Schwab and Albrecht\, research in progress) and nitrate leaching (O
 chsner et al.\, 2010) compared to conventional maize production systems.  
 Furthermore\, all of the nitrogen required for maize silage or grain plus 
 straw production appears to be available through the suppressed clover (Be
 rkevich\, 2009)\, and kura clover recovers to full production by June the 
 following season (Sabalzagaray & Albrecht\, 2006).  This permanent living 
 mulch could offer farmers a way to keep soil and nutrients on their fields
  (and out of our surface and ground water)\, while nearly eliminating the 
 need for commercial nitrogen fertilizer for maize production.\n 
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20110721T161500
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20110721T174500
LOCATION:H6
SUMMARY:Prof. Ken Albrecht\, University of Wisconsin-Madison\, Dept. of Agr
 iculture (Homepage): Intercropping Maize and Kura Clover (Trifolium): A su
 stainable System for Feed and Biofuel Production
TRANSP:TRANSPARENT
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