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| Wesselink, LG; Meiwes, KJ; Matzner, E; Stein, A: Long-term changes in water and soil chemistry in spruce and beech forests, Solling, Germany, Environmental Science Technology, 29, 51-58 (1995) | |
Abstract:
With declining sulfur emissions in western Europe,
the degree and time scales of reversibility of soil and
freshwater acidification are of major interest. We
analyzed long-term changes (1969-1991) in the chemistry
of bulk precipitation, throughfall water, soil
water, and exchangeable base cations in a beech and
a spruce forest in Solling, Germany. Time trends
in dissolved and exchangeable pools of base cations
in the soils were compared with simulations from
a simple mechanistic soil chemistry model to identify
the processes controlling long-term changes in soil
chemistry. In the early 1970s, profound acidification
occurred in the spruce and beech soils due to
increasing concentrations of dissolved S04. After 1976,
atmospheric deposition of SO4 decreased significantly
as a result of reduced industrial emissions.
Nevertheless, acidification continued in the spruce
soil due to declining atmospheric inputs of Ca and
Mg and continuously high dissolved SO4 in the soil.
In the beech soil, with lower deposition levels,
smaller declines of base cation deposition, and a more
diluted soil solution, reduced atmospheric inputs of
SO4 in the 1980s started off a recovery of the soil‘s
base saturation. |
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