Biogeographical modelling is concerned with the mechanisms that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms at various spatial scales. In this talk, we give a brief overview of two key modelling approaches in this field of research: statistical species distribution models, and process-based simulation models. We illustrate the approaches with case studies, and discuss the merits and challenges of the two approaches. In an outlook, we sketch the potential of combining the strengths of process-based simulation models and statistical data analysis using Bayesian methods.