Das BayCEER-Kolloquium ist eine interdisziplinäre Plattform für Studierende, Wissenschaftler*innen und Interessierte: I.d.R. wöchentlich (in der Vorlesungszeit) werden Vorträge im Themenfeld Ökologie und Umweltwissenschaften gehalten, die anschließend im Plenum und in lockerer Atmosphäre während des Postkolloquiums diskutiert werden können. Gerne kann das Mittagessen mitgebracht werden (Brown Bag Lunch).

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Terminplanung kommende Semester und Vortragsarchiv BayCEER Kolloquium

Vortragsreihe Ökologie und Umweltforschung WS 2016/17

Alle Termine
Dr. Katharina Lenhart
Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen (Homepage)
Donnerstag, 10.11.2016 12:00-13:30 H6, GEO

Investigating N2O emissions from plants by using high resolution measurements of N2O mixing ratio and isotope signatures

The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) increased from 270 to 324 ppb (i.e. 20 %) since preindustrial times. Owing to the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions, global emission estimates are afflicted with a high uncertainty. The biggest natural source of N2O are soils (3.3 -9.0 Tg N yr-1), then followed by the oceans (1.8 – 9.4 Tg N yr-1). Despite it is known for several years that also plants (Smart and Bloom, 2001;Hakata et al., 2003) and cryptogamic covers (Lenhart et al., 2015) emit N2O, vegetation has not yet been considered as a source of N2O in the global budget (EPA, 2010; IPCC, 2013).

With simultaneous measurements of N2O and CO2 fluxes on sterile and non-sterile plants we show that plants are a considerable source of N2O. As shown for lichens and mosses (Lenhart et al., 2015), N2O emissions were related to respiration rates over a broad range of environmental conditions (Lenhart et al., 2015). A robust coupling of N2O emission rates to respiration allows the global estimation of plant-derived N2O emissions based on respiration data.

We determined N2O and CO2 emission rates from several plant species and investigated the effects of temperature, N availability, light, and injury on N2O emission rates. Mixing ratios of CO2 and N2O were measured in a closed chamber system via GC analysis and an Off-axis ICOS laser-based gas analyzer for N2O mixing ratio, site-specific δ15N and 18O. In real time resolution we observed large changes in the isotopic signatures which might be indicative for the processes involved in plant derived N2O formation.

Our measurements showed - analogous to the findings for cryptogamic species - a robust relationship between N2O emissions and respiration. Based on this ratio, we estimated the contribution of plant-derived N2O emissions to the N2O emissions of a grassland ecosystem and to the global N2O budget.

 

References

EPA, U. S. E. P. A.: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Natural Sources 2010.

Hakata, M., Takahashi, M., Zumft, W., Sakamoto, A., and Morikawa, H.: Conversion of the Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrogen Dioxide to Nitrous Oxides in Plants, Acta Biotechnologica, 23, 249-257, 10.1002/abio.200390032, 2003.

IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,, 1535, 2013.

Lenhart, K., Weber, B., Elbert, W., Steinkamp, J., Clough, T., Crutzen, P., Pöschl, U., and Keppler, F.: Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from cryptogamic covers, Global Change Biology, n/a-n/a, 10.1111/gcb.12995, 2015.

Smart, D. R., and Bloom, A. J.: Wheat leaves emit nitrous oxide during nitrate assimilation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 7875-7878, 10.1073/pnas.131572798, 2001.

 

***
invited by Gerhard Gebauer, Isotope Biogeochemistry



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