Partielle Mykoheterotrophie bei Orchideen

DFG Ge 565/7-1

Von 04/2006 bis 07/2010

Projektleiter: Gerhard Gebauer
Mitarbeiter: Katja Preiß, Marcus Stöckel, Iris Adam
Bewilligung: DFG Ge 565/7-1 Partielle Mykoheterotrophie bei Orchideen

In the mycorrhizal symbiosis, plants exchange carbohydrates from photosynthesis for mineral nutrients acquired by fungi from the soil. This mutualistic arrangement has been subverted by a few hundreds of mycorrhizal plant species that lack the ability to photosynthesize. The most numerous examples of this mycoheterotrophic nutrition are found among the orchid family. Although chlorophyll free orchid species are known since long to be mycoheterotrophic, green orchids have been thought until recently to be fully autotrophic. Recent data of C and N stable isotope abundances together with molecular ecological identification of fungi in orchid roots, however, provide evidence that at least some of the green orchids (i) gain C and N partially at the cost of fungi and (ii) switch the fungal partner towards mycorrhizas with ectomycorrhizal fungi of forest trees. This project aims to deepen our knowledge (i) on the distribution of this partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition among terrestrial orchids by including a broader spectrum of orchid habitats and taxonomic groups and (ii) on the environmental conditions (light climate, nitrogen availability as limiting factors) under which this hitherto unknown plant nutritional mode occurs.

Publikationsliste dieses Projekts

Gebauer, G; Preiß, K; Gebauer, AC: Partial mycoheterotrophy is more widespread among orchids than previously assumed, New Phytologist, 211, 11-15 (2016), doi:10.1111/nph.13865

Stöckel, M; Tesitelova, T; Jersáková, J; Bidartondo, MI; Gebauer, G: Carbon and nitrogen gain during the growth of orchid seedlings in nature, New Phytologist, 202, 606-615 (2014), doi:10.1111/nph.12688 -- Details

Hynson, NA; Madsen, TP; Selosse, MA; Adam, IKU; Ogura-Tsujita, Y; Roy, M; Gebauer, G: The Physiological Ecology of Mycoheterotrophy in V.S.F.T. Merckx: Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi, Springer-Verlag, 297-342 (2013), doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_8 -- Details

Sommer, J; Pausch, J; Brundrett, MC; Dixon, KW; Bidartondo, MI; Gebauer, G: Limited carbon and mineral nutrient gain from mycorrhizal fungi by adult Australian orchids, American Journal of Botany, 99, 1133-1145 (2012), doi:10.3732/ajb.1100575 -- Details

Liebel, HT; Gebauer, G: Stable isotope signatures confirm carbon and nitrogen gain through ectomycorrhizas in the ghost orchid Epipogium aphyllum Swartz, Plant Biology, 13, 270-275 (2011), doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00369.x -- Details

Stöckel, M; Meyer, C; Gebauer, G: The degree of mycoheterotrophic C gain in green, variegated and vegetative albino individuals of Cephalanthera damasonium is related to leaf chlorophyll concentrations, New Phytologist, 189, 790-796 (2011), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03510.x -- Details

Liebel, HT; Bidartondo, MI; Preiß, K; Segreto, R; Stöckel, M; Rodda, M; Gebauer, G: C and N stable isotope signatures reveal constraints to nutritional modes in orchids from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia, American Journal of Botany, 97, 903-912 (2010), doi:10.3732/ajb.0900354 -- Details

Preiß, K; Adam, IKU; Gebauer, G: Irradiance governs exploitation of fungi: Fine-tuning of carbon gain by two partially myco-heterotrophic orchids, Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 277, 1333-1336 (2010), doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1966 -- Details

Liebel, HT; Preiß, K; Gebauer, G: Parsiell mycoheterotrofi i norske vintergronnarter - relevans for vernetiltak av truede vintergronnarter (Partial myco-heterotrophy in Norwegian wintergreen species - Relevance for endangered species protection), Blyttia, 67, 138-143 (2009)

Ogura-Tsujita, Y; Gebauer, G; Hashimoto, T; Umata, H; Yukawa, T: Evidence for novel and specialised mycorrhizal parasitism: the orchid Gastrodia confusa gains carbon from saprotrophic Mycena, Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 276, 761-767 (2009), doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1225 -- Details

Hynson, NA; Preiß, K; Gebauer, G; Bruns, TD: Isotopic evidence of full and partial myco-heterotrophy in the plant tribe Pyroleae (Ericaceae), New Phytologist, 182, 719-726 (2009), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02781.x -- Details

Hynson, NA; Preiß, K; Gebauer, G: Is it better to give than receive? A stable isotope perspective to orchid-fungal carbon transport in the green orchid species Goodyera repens and Goodyera oblongifolia, New Phytologist, 182, 8-11 (2009), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02778.x

Cameron, DD; Preiß, K; Gebauer, G; Read, DJ: The chlorophyll-containing orchid Corallorhiza trifida derives little carbon through photosynthesis, New Phytologist, 183, 358-364 (2009), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02853.x -- Details

Preiß, K; Gebauer, G: A methodical approach to improve estimates of nutrient gains by partially myco-heterotrophic plants, Isotopes Environm. Health Studies, 44, 393-401 (2008), doi:10.1080/10256010802507458 -- Details

Liebel, HT; Stöckel, M; Zimmer, K; Gebauer, G: Neue Erkenntnisse zur Lebensweise heimischer Orchideenarten - Relevanz für Artenschutzkonzepte, Berichte des Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen, 25(1), 172-179 (2008)

Zimmer, K; Meyer, C; Gebauer, G: The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph, New Phytologist, 178, 395-400 (2008), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02362.x -- Details

Zimmer, K; Hynson, NA; Gebauer, G; Allen, EB; Allen, MF; Read, DJ: Wide geographical and ecological distribution of nitrogen and carbon gains from fungi in pyroloids and monotropoids (Ericaceae) and in orchids, New Phytologist, 175, 166-175 (2007), doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02065.x -- Details